What is what are polyribosomes?

Polyribosomes, also known as polysomes, are large complexes of multiple ribosomes that can simultaneously translate a single messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule into a chain of amino acids to form a protein. These polyribosomes are found in both the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells. They are considered to be a highly efficient way of producing large quantities of proteins in a short period of time. The assembly of polyribosomes begins with the attachment of a ribosome to an mRNA molecule, followed by the binding of additional ribosomes along the same mRNA strand. This allows for multiple ribosomes to synthesize proteins simultaneously on the same mRNA molecule. Polyribosomes exist in varying lengths and may contain up to ten or more ribosomes attached to the same mRNA strand.